Associations ~65% of patients with spondylolysis will progress to spondylolisthesis 2, which is seen radiographically in ~25% 4; in most patients this occurs before the age of 16; spina bifida occulta may miss up to 50% of rib fractures even with dedicated oblique rib projections 1; Ultrasound degree of displacement; location of the displaced fragment; presence of a fracture of the adjacent humeral metaphysis Classification. CT is the best modality for identifying an occipital condyle fracture 6. Galeazzi fracture-dislocations are unstable requiring surgical intervention, which involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the radial fracture, intraoperative assessment of the distal radioulnar joint for reducibility and stability, and subsequent Kirschner wire fixation of the ulna to the radius, triangular fibrocartilage complex Dorsal avulsion fractures account for about 95% all triquetral fractures, most of the remainder are body fractures 4. Classification. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. usually mid-diaphyseal; occur in tandem with angulation; incomplete fracture, with cortical breach of only one side of the bone Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Pathology. Plain radiograph. Vertebra plana (plural: vertebrae planae), also known as the pancake, silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture. Anderson and D'Alonzo Radiographic features. Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Classification. associated fractures (e.g. The imaging modality of choice, permitting identification of; Epidemiology. Epidemiology These fractures have an incidence 0.4% to 2.7%, and males are affected more-so than females. The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture.. Radiographic features Plain radiograph. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. Skeletal traction may not be required if the fracture pattern is stable and the fracture is outside the weight bearing zone. Radiographic features. The apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal (plural apophyses) lies laterally and is oriented longitudinally parallel to the shaft.. Apophysis of the fifth metatarsal base appears on plain radiographs at age 12 years for boys and 10 years for girls. There are two classification systems 5,6. Fractures are best visualized on coronal and sagittal reformatted images. Epidemiology. comminuted fracture: suggests impaction. Epidemiology. Classification. Treatment and prognosis. Colles fracture or other carpal bone fractures) evidence of avascular necrosis if the fracture is subacute; Importantly if no fracture is seen it is essential to recommend repeat x-rays (including dedicated scaphoid views) in 7-10 days 1. The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same These include: stress fracture of the 5 th metatarsal; Jones fracture; avulsion fracture of the proximal 5 th metatarsal; os vesalianum pedis; os peroneum; normal apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal ; The biomechanics of the fractures differ as do their natural This case illustrates the difference in the appearance of an avulsion fracture and an apophysis at the base of the 5th metatarsal, as both are present simultaneously in this 10 year old patient. Pathology. Bowing fractures usually accompany another fracture and in those cases, treatment is determined according to the type and severity of the accompanying injury. Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. Mechanism. Pathology. degree of displacement; location of the displaced fragment; presence of a fracture of the adjacent humeral metaphysis These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. may miss up to 50% of rib fractures even with dedicated oblique rib projections 1; Ultrasound Important aspects of evaluation include: occipital condyle integrity. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Terminology. Terminology. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs.This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making single fractures uncommon, but this in fact not the case, with ~40% of Anderson and D'Alonzo In addition to stating that a medial epicondylar fracture is present, a number of features should be sought and commented upon: avulsion. The imaging modality of choice, permitting identification of; The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture.. comminuted fracture: suggests impaction. This fracture is very different, and much less common, than the torus fracture that results in buckling of the cortex on the concave side of the bend and an intact convex surface. fracture through the adjacent humeral metaphysis; Radiology report. The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform to the 2 nd metatarsal base via three bands, the dorsal ligament, interosseous ligament and the fracture through the physis Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. Important aspects of evaluation include: occipital condyle integrity. The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatarsal bases, whereby the first three metatarsals articulate respectively with the three cuneiforms, and the 4 th and 5 th metatarsals with the cuboid.. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Classification. fracture through the adjacent humeral metaphysis; Radiology report. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth Classification. Some advocate the reduction of a bowing fracture where angulation exceeds 20 degrees. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. Plain radiograph. In addition to stating that a medial epicondylar fracture is present, a number of features should be sought and commented upon: avulsion. Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. This fracture is very different, and much less common, than the torus fracture that results in buckling of the cortex on the concave side of the bend and an intact convex surface. This fracture is very different, and much less common, than the torus fracture that results in buckling of the cortex on the concave side of the bend and an intact convex surface. Traction (either skin or skeletal traction) is usually a temporary solution when surgery is required. Although it appears complicated, it is On the frontal knee radiograph, it may Galeazzi fracture-dislocations are unstable requiring surgical intervention, which involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the radial fracture, intraoperative assessment of the distal radioulnar joint for reducibility and stability, and subsequent Kirschner wire fixation of the ulna to the radius, triangular fibrocartilage complex Case Discussion. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Non-operative management 6 may be indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture Dorsal avulsion fractures account for about 95% all triquetral fractures, most of the remainder are body fractures 4. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. Traction (either skin or skeletal traction) is usually a temporary solution when surgery is required. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): rib fracture occurs in 1 in 3 5; fetal rib fractures: caused by skeletal dysplasias; radiation-induced rib fractures 8,9; spontaneous: spontaneous rib fracture; Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Dorsal avulsion fracture. Case Discussion. They are particularly common in patients with osteoporosis, and as such, they are most frequently seen in elderly women.The relationship between Colles fractures and osteoporosis is strong enough that when an older male patient There is no associated bone fragment. Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are uncommon. There is no associated bone fragment. Pathology. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Anderson and D'Alonzo A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. Case Discussion. In addition to stating that a medial epicondylar fracture is present, a number of features should be sought and commented upon: avulsion. Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture of the knee that involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau and is very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Sometimes the fractures may not seem very apparent on x It assesses the pattern of fractures, involvement of the radioulnar joint and presence of a distal ulnar fracture.. It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. Colles fractures are the most common type of distal radial fracture and are seen in all adult age groups and demographics. This case illustrates the difference in the appearance of an avulsion fracture and an apophysis at the base of the 5th metatarsal, as both are present simultaneously in this 10 year old patient. Epidemiology. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. Classification. Fusion of the apophysis to the metatarsal base usually occurs within the following 2-4 years 3,4. Pathology Anatomy. It can occur in a variety of settings, including: trauma; osteoporosis orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Radiographic features. Treatment and prognosis. These include: stress fracture of the 5 th metatarsal; Jones fracture; avulsion fracture of the proximal 5 th metatarsal; os vesalianum pedis; os peroneum; normal apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal ; The biomechanics of the fractures differ as do their natural A Shepherd fracture refers to a fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture Colles fracture or other carpal bone fractures) evidence of avascular necrosis if the fracture is subacute; Importantly if no fracture is seen it is essential to recommend repeat x-rays (including dedicated scaphoid views) in 7-10 days 1. The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. Bowing fractures usually accompany another fracture and in those cases, treatment is determined according to the type and severity of the accompanying injury. CT. Classification. may miss up to 50% of rib fractures even with dedicated oblique rib projections 1; Ultrasound Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture of the knee that involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau and is very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). usually mid-diaphyseal; occur in tandem with angulation; incomplete fracture, with cortical breach of only one side of the bone It assesses the pattern of fractures, involvement of the radioulnar joint and presence of a distal ulnar fracture.. Epidemiology. intra-articular glenoid fracture. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the fracture typically resembles: Salter-Harris 3 fracture on AP Salter-Harris 2 fracture on lateral Small dislocations and the vertical fracture itself are frequently overlooked, and CT is advised if there is concern. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. Classification. These include: stress fracture of the 5 th metatarsal; Jones fracture; avulsion fracture of the proximal 5 th metatarsal; os vesalianum pedis; os peroneum; normal apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal ; The biomechanics of the fractures differ as do their natural CT. It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, especially when performed for an Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs.This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making single fractures uncommon, but this in fact not the case, with ~40% of The proximal 5 th metatarsal is the site of a number of fractures and variants which mimic fractures. Fusion of the apophysis to the metatarsal base usually occurs within the following 2-4 years 3,4. degree of displacement; location of the displaced fragment; presence of a fracture of the adjacent humeral metaphysis Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. Some advocate the reduction of a bowing fracture where angulation exceeds 20 degrees. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. It is more common in men than in women 1.. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs.This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making single fractures uncommon, but this in fact not the case, with ~40% of Fusion of the apophysis to the metatarsal base usually occurs within the following 2-4 years 3,4. Bowing fractures usually accompany another fracture and in those cases, treatment is determined according to the type and severity of the accompanying injury. Epidemiology These fractures have an incidence 0.4% to 2.7%, and males are affected more-so than females. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Pathology. Associations ~65% of patients with spondylolysis will progress to spondylolisthesis 2, which is seen radiographically in ~25% 4; in most patients this occurs before the age of 16; spina bifida occulta Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture.. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. comminuted fracture: suggests impaction. Practical points. Epidemiology. Classification. Practical points. Pathology Mechanism. Mechanism. Dorsal avulsion fracture. It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. Classification. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Classification. Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform to the 2 nd metatarsal base via three bands, the dorsal ligament, interosseous ligament and the There is no associated bone fragment. Plain radiograph. Classification. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): rib fracture occurs in 1 in 3 5; fetal rib fractures: caused by skeletal dysplasias; radiation-induced rib fractures 8,9; spontaneous: spontaneous rib fracture; Radiographic features Plain radiograph. usually mid-diaphyseal; occur in tandem with angulation; incomplete fracture, with cortical breach of only one side of the bone Pathology. Sometimes the fractures may not seem very apparent on x Pathology. Classification. Colles fractures are the most common type of distal radial fracture and are seen in all adult age groups and demographics. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, especially when performed for an Practical points. This case illustrates the difference in the appearance of an avulsion fracture and an apophysis at the base of the 5th metatarsal, as both are present simultaneously in this 10 year old patient. Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Pathology Mechanism. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. It is more common in men than in women 1.. Vertebra plana (plural: vertebrae planae), also known as the pancake, silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as Pathology Anatomy. Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. intra-articular glenoid fracture. Radiographic features. Non-operative management 6 may be indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture. Fractures are best visualized on coronal and sagittal reformatted images. Although it appears complicated, it is It can occur in a variety of settings, including: trauma; osteoporosis The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. Radiographic features. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. fracture through the physis Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. The proximal 5 th metatarsal is the site of a number of fractures and variants which mimic fractures. associated fractures (e.g. Classification. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. It is more common in men than in women 1.. The fracture is easy to recognize on plain film. Although it appears complicated, it is In isolation, treatment of bowing fractures is debated 2. The proximal 5 th metatarsal is the site of a number of fractures and variants which mimic fractures. An elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is referred to as a Stieda process, so occasionally these fractures are described as Stieda process fractures.. A Cedell fracture is a fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process. Typically, Monteggia fracture-dislocations occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) 4.. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Epidemiology. Associations ~65% of patients with spondylolysis will progress to spondylolisthesis 2, which is seen radiographically in ~25% 4; in most patients this occurs before the age of 16; spina bifida occulta Typically, Monteggia fracture-dislocations occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) 4.. Dorsal avulsion fractures account for about 95% all triquetral fractures, most of the remainder are body fractures 4. fracture through the physis Epidemiology These fractures have an incidence 0.4% to 2.7%, and males are affected more-so than females. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): rib fracture occurs in 1 in 3 5; fetal rib fractures: caused by skeletal dysplasias; radiation-induced rib fractures 8,9; spontaneous: spontaneous rib fracture; Radiographic features Plain radiograph. A Shepherd fracture refers to a fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process. Spondylolysis is present in ~5% of the population 2 and higher in the adolescent athletic population. It assesses the pattern of fractures, involvement of the radioulnar joint and presence of a distal ulnar fracture.. The imaging modality of choice, permitting identification of; The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same Pathology. The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform to the 2 nd metatarsal base via three bands, the dorsal ligament, interosseous ligament and the On the frontal knee radiograph, it may Epidemiology. Treatment and prognosis. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the fracture typically resembles: Salter-Harris 3 fracture on AP Salter-Harris 2 fracture on lateral Small dislocations and the vertical fracture itself are frequently overlooked, and CT is advised if there is concern. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. The apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal (plural apophyses) lies laterally and is oriented longitudinally parallel to the shaft.. Apophysis of the fifth metatarsal base appears on plain radiographs at age 12 years for boys and 10 years for girls. It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. Classification. associated fractures (e.g. Colles fracture or other carpal bone fractures) evidence of avascular necrosis if the fracture is subacute; Importantly if no fracture is seen it is essential to recommend repeat x-rays (including dedicated scaphoid views) in 7-10 days 1. Fractures are best visualized on coronal and sagittal reformatted images. Skeletal traction may not be required if the fracture pattern is stable and the fracture is outside the weight bearing zone. Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture of the knee that involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau and is very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Skeletal traction may not be required if the fracture pattern is stable and the fracture is outside the weight bearing zone. Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. Traction (either skin or skeletal traction) is usually a temporary solution when surgery is required. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. The fracture is easy to recognize on plain film. The apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal (plural apophyses) lies laterally and is oriented longitudinally parallel to the shaft.. Apophysis of the fifth metatarsal base appears on plain radiographs at age 12 years for boys and 10 years for girls. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatarsal bases, whereby the first three metatarsals articulate respectively with the three cuneiforms, and the 4 th and 5 th metatarsals with the cuboid.. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Important aspects of evaluation include: occipital condyle integrity. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. In isolation, treatment of bowing fractures is debated 2. Colles fractures are the most common type of distal radial fracture and are seen in all adult age groups and demographics. Radiographic features. In isolation, treatment of bowing fractures is debated 2. CT. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Classification. Pathology. Typically, Monteggia fracture-dislocations occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) 4.. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. They are particularly common in patients with osteoporosis, and as such, they are most frequently seen in elderly women.The relationship between Colles fractures and osteoporosis is strong enough that when an older male patient fracture through the adjacent humeral metaphysis; Radiology report. Epidemiology. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process On the frontal knee radiograph, it may The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatarsal bases, whereby the first three metatarsals articulate respectively with the three cuneiforms, and the 4 th and 5 th metatarsals with the cuboid.. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are uncommon. CT is the best modality for identifying an occipital condyle fracture 6. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Pathology Mechanism. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, especially when performed for an Pathology Anatomy. Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: It can occur in a variety of settings, including: trauma; osteoporosis Mechanism. intra-articular glenoid fracture. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. The fracture is easy to recognize on plain film. Spondylolysis is present in ~5% of the population 2 and higher in the adolescent athletic population. There are two classification systems 5,6. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. A Shepherd fracture refers to a fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. Spondylolysis is present in ~5% of the population 2 and higher in the adolescent athletic population. Dorsal avulsion fracture. They are particularly common in patients with osteoporosis, and as such, they are most frequently seen in elderly women.The relationship between Colles fractures and osteoporosis is strong enough that when an older male patient An elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is referred to as a Stieda process, so occasionally these fractures are described as Stieda process fractures.. A Cedell fracture is a fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process. CT is the best modality for identifying an occipital condyle fracture 6. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. Galeazzi fracture-dislocations are unstable requiring surgical intervention, which involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the radial fracture, intraoperative assessment of the distal radioulnar joint for reducibility and stability, and subsequent Kirschner wire fixation of the ulna to the radius, triangular fibrocartilage complex Non-operative management 6 may be indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture. Vertebra plana (plural: vertebrae planae), also known as the pancake, silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. There are two classification systems 5,6. Some advocate the reduction of a bowing fracture where angulation exceeds 20 degrees. Sometimes the fractures may not seem very apparent on x Terminology. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the fracture typically resembles: Salter-Harris 3 fracture on AP Salter-Harris 2 fracture on lateral Small dislocations and the vertical fracture itself are frequently overlooked, and CT is advised if there is concern. Classification. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. An elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is referred to as a Stieda process, so occasionally these fractures are described as Stieda process fractures.. A Cedell fracture is a fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process. Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are uncommon. 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